:root{color-scheme:dark;--ink:#ededed;--muted:#a3a3a8;--line:#303034;--paper:#09090b;--soft:#18181c;--white:#121215}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:100px}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:15px/1.85 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN","Yu Gothic",sans-serif}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px}button,input{font:inherit}button,a,input{touch-action:manipulation}button{cursor:pointer}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,input:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #d4d4d8;outline-offset:5px}header{height:78px;position:fixed;inset:0 0 auto;z-index:10;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:0 38px;background:var(--paper);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;font-size:21px;font-weight:650;letter-spacing:-.6px}.mark{font:italic bold 38px/1 Georgia,serif;margin-right:4px}.jp{font-size:11px;border:1px solid #46464c;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0}.header-right{display:flex;gap:26px;align-items:center;font-size:12px}.header-right>span{color:var(--muted)}.header-right a{border-bottom:1px solid #d4d4d8;padding-bottom:3px}aside{position:fixed;top:78px;bottom:0;width:242px;border-right:1px solid var(--line);padding:34px 22px;overflow:auto}.sidebar-title{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);padding:0 13px 18px}nav{display:grid;gap:4px}nav a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;padding:9px 12px;font-size:13px;border-radius:5px}nav a span{font-size:10px;font-family:monospace;color:#a1a1aa}nav a.active{background:#28282e;font-weight:650}nav a:hover{background:#202024;text-decoration:none}.sidebar-foot{margin:60px 12px 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:11px}.sidebar-foot b{font-size:16px;color:var(--ink);line-height:2.3;font-weight:500}main{margin-left:242px;padding:131px clamp(28px,5.5vw,100px) 40px;max-width:1570px}.hero{max-width:950px}.eyebrow{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1px;margin:2px 0 23px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}.eyebrow:before{content:"";width:5px;height:5px;background:#d4d4d8;border-radius:50%}h1{font-size:clamp(30px,3.4vw,49px);letter-spacing:-1.7px;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;margin:0 0 22px}h1 span{color:#a1a1aa}.lead{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);line-height:2.1;margin-bottom:29px}#search-form{height:62px;background:var(--white);border:1px solid #414148;border-radius:7px;display:flex;align-items:center;padding:0 18px;max-width:760px;gap:12px}#search-form>span{font-size:30px;font-weight:300;line-height:1}#search{width:100%;min-width:0;border:0;background:transparent;font-size:14px;padding:10px 0;color:#ededed}#search:focus-visible{outline:none}#search-form:focus-within{outline:2px solid #d4d4d8;outline-offset:3px}kbd{font:12px monospace;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:1px 6px;color:#a3a3ad}.quick-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:9px 20px;margin-top:15px;font-size:11px}.quick-links>span{color:#a3a3ad}.overview{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:43px 0 56px}.overview a{padding:23px 22px 24px 0;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.overview a+a{padding-left:24px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)}.overview small{font-size:10px;color:var(--muted)}.overview strong{font-size:21px;font-weight:550;margin:7px 0}.overview span{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted)}.chapter{margin:0 0 65px;scroll-margin-top:10px}.section-head{display:flex;gap:22px;border-top:1px solid #a3a3ad;padding-top:27px;margin-bottom:29px}.section-head>span{font:12px monospace;padding-top:9px;color:#a3a3ad}h2{font-size:25px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:-.5px;margin:0}.section-head p{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin:9px 0 0}.entry{padding:24px 0 26px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);scroll-margin-top:20px}.entry-meta{font-size:10px;color:#a3a3ad;letter-spacing:.7px;margin-bottom:7px}h3{font-size:18px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.65;margin:0 0 12px}p{margin:12px 0;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.entry p,.entry li{font-size:14px;line-height:2;max-width:850px}.entry p a,.chapter>p a{border-bottom:1px solid #71717a}.refs{display:flex;gap:7px 16px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:16px}.refs a{font-size:11px;color:#b0b0b8}.routes{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:0 35px}.routes>a{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;align-items:center;padding:17px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:13px}.routes b{font-weight:550}.routes span{font-size:11px;color:#a3a3ad}ol{padding-left:22px}.table-wrap{overflow-x:auto;margin:25px 0 0}table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left;font-size:13px;min-width:580px}caption{text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);padding:0 0 15px}th,td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:17px 14px;vertical-align:middle}thead{background:var(--soft);font-size:11px}th{font-weight:550}.price{font-size:25px;font-family:Georgia,serif;white-space:nowrap}.price small{font:11px sans-serif;color:#a3a3ad;margin-left:3px}code{font:12px/1.7 ui-monospace,monospace;background:#222228;padding:2px 5px;border-radius:3px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.code-top{background:#262626;color:#46464c;padding:12px 19px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;font-size:11px;border-radius:6px 6px 0 0;margin-top:20px}pre{background:#202020;color:#e8e8e5;padding:22px;margin:0;overflow:auto;border-radius:0 0 6px 6px;font:12px/1.9 ui-monospace,monospace}.copy,#clear-search{border:1px solid #50505a;background:transparent;color:inherit;border-radius:4px;padding:6px 13px;font-size:11px;min-height:34px}.copy:hover{background:#303034;color:#ededed}.calculator{background:var(--soft);padding:25px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin:22px 0}.calculator label{font-size:11px;display:grid;gap:8px}.calculator input{width:100%;min-width:0;border:1px solid #50505a;background:#121215;border-radius:3px;padding:11px;font-size:15px}.total{grid-column:1/-1;display:flex;align-items:baseline;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:20px;border-top:1px solid #46464c;padding-top:20px}.total>span{font-size:12px}.total output{font-size:35px;line-height:1.2;font-family:Georgia,serif}.total small{font-size:11px;color:#b0b0b8}.prompt{background:#18181c;padding:22px;white-space:pre-line}.source-list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:0 28px;margin-top:25px}.source-list a{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:13px 0;font-size:11px}.source-list span:first-child{font:10px monospace;color:#a3a3ad}.source-list span:last-child{margin-left:auto}footer{border-top:1px solid #a3a3ad;padding-top:24px;display:flex;gap:30px;justify-content:space-between}footer>a{font-weight:600;white-space:nowrap}footer p{font-size:10px;color:#a3a3ad;margin:0}#search-status{padding:22px 0;font-size:14px}#clear-search{margin-bottom:24px}#toast{position:fixed;bottom:22px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);background:#ededed;color:#09090b;border-radius:5px;font-size:12px;padding:10px 20px;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity .2s}#toast.show{opacity:1}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0)}.skip{position:fixed;left:10px;top:-60px;background:#121215;z-index:99;padding:10px}.skip:focus{top:10px}[hidden]{display:none!important}@media(min-width:1600px){main{margin-right:auto}}@media(max-width:1050px){aside{width:205px;padding-inline:13px}nav a{font-size:12px;gap:10px}main{margin-left:205px;padding-inline:35px}.overview strong{font-size:18px}.routes{grid-template-columns:1fr}.calculator{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.calculator label:last-of-type{grid-column:1/-1}}@media(max-width:720px){header{position:relative;height:69px;padding:0 20px}.brand{font-size:18px}.mark{font-size:33px}.header-right>span,.jp{display:none}.header-right{font-size:11px}aside{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:9;width:100%;height:auto;padding:0;background:var(--paper);border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);overflow:auto}.sidebar-title,.sidebar-foot{display:none}nav{display:flex;width:max-content;padding:9px 12px;gap:4px}nav a{white-space:nowrap;font-size:11px;padding:7px 11px}nav a span{display:none}main{margin-left:0;padding:37px 22px 30px}.eyebrow{margin-bottom:18px;font-size:10px}h1{font-size:31px;letter-spacing:-1px}.lead{font-size:12px;margin-bottom:24px}#search-form{height:56px;padding:0 13px}#search{font-size:12px}.quick-links{gap:10px 16px}.quick-links>span{width:100%}.overview{margin:28px 0 40px;grid-template-columns:1fr}.overview a{padding:14px 0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;align-items:center}.overview a+a{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:0}.overview strong{font-size:17px;grid-column:1;grid-row:2;margin:2px 0}.overview span{grid-row:2;grid-column:2;font-size:9px}.overview small{font-size:9px}h2{font-size:22px}.section-head{gap:15px;margin-bottom:15px;padding-top:23px}.section-head p{font-size:11px}.entry{padding:22px 0}h3{font-size:17px}.entry p,.entry li{font-size:13px}.chapter{margin-bottom:44px}.source-list{grid-template-columns:1fr}.calculator{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:19px;gap:16px}.calculator label:last-of-type{grid-column:auto}.total{gap:14px}.total small{width:100%}footer{display:block}footer p{margin-top:15px}html{scroll-padding-top:75px}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*{transition:none!important}}
@media(max-width:720px){.overview a{grid-template-columns:1fr}.overview span{grid-column:1;grid-row:3;font-size:12px}.overview small{font-size:11px}.quick-links{font-size:12px}.entry-meta{font-size:11px}.refs a{font-size:12px}.section-head p{font-size:12px}nav a{font-size:12px}}
.bot-toc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 28px;padding:6px 0 22px}.bot-toc a{font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;display:flex;gap:12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.bot-toc span{font:10px/2 monospace;color:var(--muted)}.entry ul{padding-left:22px}.entry li+li{margin-top:8px}@media(max-width:720px){.bot-toc{grid-template-columns:1fr}.bot-toc a{font-size:13px;padding:11px 0}}
/* Shared shell for all topic pages. */
.site-search{margin-bottom:34px}.site-search #search-form{max-width:none;height:54px}.breadcrumbs{display:flex;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;color:var(--muted);font-size:12px;margin:0 0 22px}.breadcrumbs a{text-decoration:underline}.page-heading{margin:0 0 30px}.page-heading h1{font-size:32px;letter-spacing:-.8px;line-height:1.6}.page-heading p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}#page-content>.entry{padding:0 0 30px;border-bottom:0}#page-content>.entry h1{font-size:30px;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:-.7px;margin:10px 0 25px}#page-content{min-height:50vh}.page-list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 30px;margin:20px 0 45px}.page-list>a{padding:23px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.page-list h2{font-size:17px;line-height:1.7}.page-list p{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.9}.page-list>a>span{font-size:11px}.category-list>a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:22px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:18px 0}.category-list>a>span:first-child{font:11px monospace;color:var(--muted)}.category-list>a>span:last-child{margin-left:auto}.category-list h2{font-size:18px}.category-list p{font-size:11px;margin:2px 0;color:var(--muted)}.category-list{margin-bottom:40px}.home-feature{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px;background:var(--soft);padding:26px;margin:28px 0 32px}.home-feature h2{font-size:23px;margin-top:6px}.home-feature small{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted)}.home-feature p{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.home-feature>a{white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;text-decoration:underline}.article-pager{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:30px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:30px 0 45px;padding-top:20px}.article-pager a{font-size:12px;display:block;padding:0}.article-pager a:last-child{text-align:right}.article-pager a:hover{background:transparent}.article-pager a span{display:initial}#search-panel{padding:18px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:25px}#search-status{padding:0;margin:0 0 14px}#search-results{display:grid;gap:0}#search-results>a{display:grid;padding:16px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}#search-results small{font-size:10px;color:var(--muted)}#search-results strong{font-size:15px;font-weight:600}#search-results span{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}main{padding-top:112px}aside nav a{line-height:1.6}footer{margin-top:30px}@media(max-width:720px){main{padding-top:25px}.site-search{margin-bottom:27px}.page-heading h1,#page-content>.entry h1{font-size:25px}.page-list{grid-template-columns:1fr}.page-list h2{font-size:17px}.home-feature{display:block;padding:22px}.home-feature>a{display:inline-block;margin-top:7px}.home-feature h2{font-size:21px}.article-pager{display:grid;width:auto;padding:18px 0;gap:22px}.article-pager a{white-space:normal;font-size:12px}.breadcrumbs{font-size:11px}.category-list h2{font-size:17px}.page-list p{font-size:13px}}
.course-outline{margin:45px 0}.lesson-list{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:18px 0 40px}.lesson-list li{display:flex;align-items:start;gap:20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:20px 0}.lesson-number{font:11px/2 monospace;color:var(--muted);white-space:nowrap}.lesson-list h2{font-size:17px;line-height:1.7}.lesson-list h2 a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.lesson-list p{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin:5px 0 0}.lesson-status{margin-left:auto;font-size:11px;white-space:nowrap;color:var(--muted)}.lesson-body{max-width:680px}.lesson-body h2{font-size:22px;line-height:1.7;margin:35px 0 16px}.lesson-body p,.lesson-body li{font-size:15px;line-height:2.2}.lesson-body ul{padding-left:24px}.lesson-body a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.lesson-body .prompt{font-size:14px;line-height:2}.lesson-sources{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:35px;padding-top:25px}.lesson-sources h2{font-size:18px}.lesson-sources p{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.article-pager>div{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);text-align:right}@media(max-width:720px){.lesson-list li{gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap}.lesson-list li>div{flex:1;min-width:180px}.lesson-status{width:100%;padding-left:42px;margin:0}.lesson-body h2{font-size:20px}.lesson-body p,.lesson-body li{font-size:14px;line-height:2.15}.lesson-list h2{font-size:16px}}

/* Keep prose to a comfortable line length; course indexes retain their layout. */
.reading-column{max-width:680px;width:100%}.reading-column .entry p,.reading-column .entry li{max-width:680px}.reading-column .page-heading h1{font-size:clamp(25px,2.8vw,36px);letter-spacing:-.7px}.role-list li{margin:10px 0}.lesson-body .role-list{padding-left:25px}.reading-column .article-pager{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.reading-column .article-pager a{white-space:normal}.reading-column .prompt{overflow-wrap:anywhere}

.lesson-body pre code{background:transparent;color:inherit;padding:0;font:inherit}.lesson-body pre{white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:anywhere;border-radius:6px}
/* Source coverage: wide tables scroll locally, never the page. */
.coverage-table{overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;margin:20px 0 40px}
.coverage-table table{width:100%;min-width:580px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:14px;line-height:1.8}
.coverage-table th,.coverage-table td{text-align:left;vertical-align:top;padding:12px;border-bottom:1px solid #303034;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.coverage-table th{background:#18181c;font-weight:700}
.coverage-table td:first-child{width:32%}
.lesson-body li{margin-bottom:16px}

/* Supplementary author articles remain outside the lesson word count. */
.related-notes{margin-top:38px;padding-top:26px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.related-notes h2{font-size:20px;margin:0 0 10px}.note-disclaimer{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.9;margin-bottom:20px}.note-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:220px minmax(0,1fr);gap:22px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;background:#121215;transition:background .15s}.note-card:hover{background:var(--soft)}.note-card:focus-visible{outline:2px solid currentColor;outline-offset:4px}.note-card img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:1280/670;object-fit:contain;align-self:start}.note-card-copy{padding:17px 18px 18px 0;min-width:0}.note-meta{font-size:10px;color:var(--muted)}.note-card h3{font-size:15px;line-height:1.8;margin:8px 0}.note-card p{font-size:12px;line-height:1.9;color:var(--muted);margin:7px 0 12px}.note-open{font-size:12px;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}@media(max-width:720px){.note-card{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0}.note-card-copy{padding:16px 18px 20px}.note-card h3{font-size:16px}.note-meta{font-size:11px}}

/* Monochrome dark finish shared by every course and reference page. */
::selection{background:#e4e4e7;color:#09090b}
header{background:#09090b}.brand{color:#fafafa;font-weight:750;letter-spacing:-.8px}
aside{background:#0d0d10}aside nav a{transition:background .16s,color .16s}aside nav a.active{background:#29292f;color:#fff;font-weight:700}aside nav a:hover{background:#202026;color:#fff}
h1,h2,h3,strong{color:#f5f5f7}.page-heading h1{font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-1.1px}.home-feature{background:linear-gradient(120deg,#1d1d23,#111114);border:1px solid #36363e;border-radius:8px}.home-feature>a{background:#ededed;color:#111114;padding:12px 18px;border-radius:4px;text-decoration:none;font-weight:650}.home-feature>a:hover{background:#fff}.course-outline>h2{letter-spacing:-.6px}.page-list>a:hover{background:#111115;text-decoration:none}.lesson-list h2 a{text-decoration-color:#55555e}.lesson-list h2 a:hover{text-decoration-color:#ededed}
#search::placeholder{color:#9797a1}#search-form{background:#141418}.calculator input{color:var(--ink)}.copy:hover,#clear-search:hover{background:#ededed;color:#09090b}.prompt{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px}.code-top{color:#b5b5bd}pre{background:#111114;border:1px solid var(--line)}.skip{color:var(--ink)}.note-card{background:#141418}.note-card:hover{background:#202026}.note-card h3{color:#f5f5f7}footer{border-color:var(--line)}
@media(max-width:720px){aside{background:#0d0d10}.home-feature>a{margin-top:12px}}

/* KAWAI identity and author destinations. */
.kawai-logo{display:block;width:108px;height:auto}.brand{gap:22px}.brand-guide{font-size:15px;font-weight:600;color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:-.3px}.header-right{gap:26px}.header-right a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;border-bottom:0;padding:0;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.04em}.header-right a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:6px}.header-right .grok-launch{color:var(--muted);font-size:11px}
@media(max-width:720px){header{padding-inline:20px;gap:16px}.kawai-logo{width:96px}.brand-guide,.header-right .grok-launch{display:none}.header-right{gap:19px}.header-right a{font-size:11px}}
@media(max-width:360px){header{padding-inline:16px}.kawai-logo{width:88px}.header-right{gap:14px}}

/* Source illustrations preserve their original colors and proportions. */
.official-visuals{margin:36px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:28px}.official-visuals>h2{font-size:22px}.official-visuals>p{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.official-media-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:24px;margin:24px 0}.reading-column .official-media-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.official-figure{margin:0;min-width:0;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;background:#141418}.official-image-link{display:block;padding:14px;background:#1c1c20}.official-image-link img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-height:440px;object-fit:contain}.official-figure figcaption{padding:18px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.9;color:var(--muted)}.official-figure figcaption strong{display:block;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:6px}.official-figure figcaption span{display:block;margin-bottom:5px}.official-figure figcaption a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.official-gallery-group{margin:42px 0}.official-gallery-group>h2{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:28px}@media(max-width:720px){.official-media-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.official-image-link{padding:10px}.official-figure figcaption{padding:16px}}

/* Contextual illustrations stay beside the lesson they explain. */
.lesson-visuals{margin:26px 0 36px}.lesson-visuals .visual-context{font-size:14px;line-height:1.9;color:var(--muted)}
.reading-column .lesson-visuals .official-media-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px;margin:16px 0}
.lesson-visuals .official-figure:only-child{grid-column:1/-1}
.lesson-visuals .official-figure figcaption{padding:12px;font-size:11px}.lesson-visuals .official-figure figcaption strong{font-size:13px}
@media(max-width:600px){.reading-column .lesson-visuals .official-media-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}
.page-heading h1{text-wrap:balance}
.lesson-body table{min-width:0;table-layout:fixed}
.lesson-body table th:first-child{width:32%}
.lesson-body table th,.lesson-body table td{overflow-wrap:anywhere;vertical-align:top}

/* Responsive lesson videos, within the established reading width. */
.lesson-video{max-width:680px;margin:28px 0 40px}
.lesson-video h2{font-size:18px;margin:0 0 14px}
.video-frame{aspect-ratio:16/9;background:#000;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;border-radius:12px}
.video-frame iframe{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;border:0}
.lesson-video .video-caption{font-size:13px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted);margin:12px 0 0;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.video-caption a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}